rapidcsv.h

/*
    SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2021 Kristofer Berggren <https://github.com/d99kris/rapidcsv>
    SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
*/
 
#pragma once
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
#include <codecvt>
#endif
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <vector>
 
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <BaseTsd.h>
typedef SSIZE_T ssize_t;
#endif
 
namespace rapidcsv
{
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
static const bool sPlatformHasCR = true;
#else
static const bool sPlatformHasCR = false;
#endif
 
/**
 * @brief     Datastructure holding parameters controlling how invalid numbers (including
 *            empty strings) should be handled.
 */
struct ConverterParams
{
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pHasDefaultConverter  specifies if conversion of non-numerical strings shall be
     *                                converted to a default numerical value, instead of causing
     *                                an exception to be thrown (default).
     * @param   pDefaultFloat         floating-point default value to represent invalid numbers.
     * @param   pDefaultInteger       integer default value to represent invalid numbers.
     */
    explicit ConverterParams(const bool pHasDefaultConverter = false,
                             const long double pDefaultFloat =
                                 std::numeric_limits<long double>::signaling_NaN(),
                             const long long pDefaultInteger = 0)
        : mHasDefaultConverter(pHasDefaultConverter), mDefaultFloat(pDefaultFloat),
          mDefaultInteger(pDefaultInteger)
    {
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies if conversion of non-numerical strings shall be converted to a default
     *          numerical value, instead of causing an exception to be thrown (default).
     */
    bool mHasDefaultConverter;
 
    /**
     * @brief   floating-point default value to represent invalid numbers.
     */
    long double mDefaultFloat;
 
    /**
     * @brief   integer default value to represent invalid numbers.
     */
    long long mDefaultInteger;
};
 
/**
   * @brief     Exception thrown when attempting to access Document data in a datatype which
   *            is not supported by the Converter class.
   */
class no_converter : public std::exception
{
    /**
     * @brief   Provides details about the exception
     * @returns an explanatory string
     */
    virtual const char *what() const throw() override { return "unsupported conversion datatype"; }
};
 
/**
 * @brief     Class providing conversion to/from numerical datatypes and strings. Only
 *            intended for rapidcsv internal usage, but exposed externally to allow
 *            specialization for custom datatype conversions.
 */
template <typename T>
class Converter
{
  public:
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pConverterParams      specifies how conversion of non-numerical values to
     *                                numerical datatype shall be handled.
     */
    Converter(const ConverterParams &pConverterParams)
        : mConverterParams(pConverterParams)
    {
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Converts numerical value to string representation.
     * @param   pVal                  numerical value
     * @param   pStr                  output string
     */
    void ToStr(const T &pVal, std::string &pStr) const
    {
        if (typeid(T) == typeid(int) || typeid(T) == typeid(long) ||
            typeid(T) == typeid(long long) || typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned) ||
            typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned long) ||
            typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned long long) || typeid(T) == typeid(float) ||
            typeid(T) == typeid(double) || typeid(T) == typeid(long double) ||
            typeid(T) == typeid(char))
        {
            std::ostringstream out;
            out << pVal;
            pStr = out.str();
        }
        else
        {
            throw no_converter();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Converts string holding a numerical value to numerical datatype representation.
     * @param   pVal                  numerical value
     * @param   pStr                  output string
     */
    void ToVal(const std::string &pStr, T &pVal) const
    {
        try
        {
            if (typeid(T) == typeid(int))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stoi(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(long))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stol(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(long long))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stoll(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stoul(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned long))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stoul(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(unsigned long long))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stoull(pStr));
                return;
            }
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            if (!mConverterParams.mHasDefaultConverter)
            {
                throw;
            }
            else
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(mConverterParams.mDefaultInteger);
                return;
            }
        }
 
        try
        {
            if (typeid(T) == typeid(float))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stof(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(double))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stod(pStr));
                return;
            }
            else if (typeid(T) == typeid(long double))
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(std::stold(pStr));
                return;
            }
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            if (!mConverterParams.mHasDefaultConverter)
            {
                throw;
            }
            else
            {
                pVal = static_cast<T>(mConverterParams.mDefaultFloat);
                return;
            }
        }
 
        if (typeid(T) == typeid(char))
        {
            pVal = static_cast<T>(pStr[0]);
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            throw no_converter();
        }
    }
 
  private:
    const ConverterParams &mConverterParams;
};
 
/**
   * @brief     Specialized implementation handling string to string conversion.
   * @param     pVal                  string
   * @param     pStr                  string
   */
template <>
inline void Converter<std::string>::ToStr(const std::string &pVal,
                                          std::string &pStr) const
{
    pStr = pVal;
}
 
/**
   * @brief     Specialized implementation handling string to string conversion.
   * @param     pVal                  string
   * @param     pStr                  string
   */
template <>
inline void Converter<std::string>::ToVal(const std::string &pStr,
                                          std::string &pVal) const
{
    pVal = pStr;
}
 
template <typename T>
using ConvFunc = std::function<void(const std::string &pStr, T &pVal)>;
 
/**
 * @brief     Datastructure holding parameters controlling which row and column should be
 *            treated as labels.
 */
struct LabelParams
{
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pColumnNameIdx        specifies the zero-based row index of the column labels, setting
     *                                it to -1 prevents column lookup by label name, and gives access
     *                                to all rows as document data. Default: 0
     * @param   pRowNameIdx           specifies the zero-based column index of the row labels, setting
     *                                it to -1 prevents row lookup by label name, and gives access
     *                                to all columns as document data. Default: -1
     */
    explicit LabelParams(const int pColumnNameIdx = 0, const int pRowNameIdx = -1)
        : mColumnNameIdx(pColumnNameIdx), mRowNameIdx(pRowNameIdx)
    {
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies the zero-based row index of the column labels.
     */
    int mColumnNameIdx;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies the zero-based column index of the row labels.
     */
    int mRowNameIdx;
};
 
/**
   * @brief     Datastructure holding parameters controlling how the CSV data fields are separated.
   */
struct SeparatorParams
{
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pSeparator            specifies the column separator (default ',').
     * @param   pTrim                 specifies whether to trim leading and trailing spaces from
     *                                cells read (default false).
     * @param   pHasCR                specifies whether a new document (i.e. not an existing document read)
     *                                should use CR/LF instead of only LF (default is to use standard
     *                                behavior of underlying platforms - CR/LF for Win, and LF for others).
     * @param   pQuotedLinebreaks     specifies whether to allow line breaks in quoted text (default false)
     * @param   pAutoQuote            specifies whether to automatically dequote data during read, and add
     *                                quotes during write (default true).
     */
    explicit SeparatorParams(const char pSeparator = ',', const bool pTrim = false,
                             const bool pHasCR            = sPlatformHasCR,
                             const bool pQuotedLinebreaks = false,
                             const bool pAutoQuote        = true)
        : mSeparator(pSeparator), mTrim(pTrim), mHasCR(pHasCR),
          mQuotedLinebreaks(pQuotedLinebreaks), mAutoQuote(pAutoQuote)
    {
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies the column separator.
     */
    char mSeparator;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether to trim leading and trailing spaces from cells read.
     */
    bool mTrim;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether new documents should use CR/LF instead of LF.
     */
    bool mHasCR;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether to allow line breaks in quoted text.
     */
    bool mQuotedLinebreaks;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether to automatically dequote cell data.
     */
    bool mAutoQuote;
};
 
/**
   * @brief     Datastructure holding parameters controlling how special line formats should be
   *            treated.
   */
struct LineReaderParams
{
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pSkipCommentLines     specifies whether to skip lines prefixed with
     *                                mCommentPrefix. Default: false
     * @param   pCommentPrefix        specifies which prefix character to indicate a comment
     *                                line. Default: #
     * @param   pSkipEmptyLines       specifies whether to skip empty lines. Default: false
     */
    explicit LineReaderParams(const bool pSkipCommentLines = false,
                              const char pCommentPrefix    = '#',
                              const bool pSkipEmptyLines   = false)
        : mSkipCommentLines(pSkipCommentLines), mCommentPrefix(pCommentPrefix),
          mSkipEmptyLines(pSkipEmptyLines)
    {
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether to skip lines prefixed with mCommentPrefix.
     */
    bool mSkipCommentLines;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies which prefix character to indicate a comment line.
     */
    char mCommentPrefix;
 
    /**
     * @brief   specifies whether to skip empty lines.
     */
    bool mSkipEmptyLines;
};
 
/**
   * @brief     Class representing a CSV document.
   */
class Document
{
  public:
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pPath                 specifies the path of an existing CSV-file to populate the Document
     *                                data with.
     * @param   pLabelParams          specifies which row and column should be treated as labels.
     * @param   pSeparatorParams      specifies which field and row separators should be used.
     * @param   pConverterParams      specifies how invalid numbers (including empty strings) should be
     *                                handled.
     * @param   pLineReaderParams     specifies how special line formats should be treated.
     */
    explicit Document(const std::string &pPath                  = std::string(),
                      const LabelParams &pLabelParams           = LabelParams(),
                      const SeparatorParams &pSeparatorParams   = SeparatorParams(),
                      const ConverterParams &pConverterParams   = ConverterParams(),
                      const LineReaderParams &pLineReaderParams = LineReaderParams())
        : mPath(pPath), mLabelParams(pLabelParams), mSeparatorParams(pSeparatorParams),
          mConverterParams(pConverterParams), mLineReaderParams(pLineReaderParams)
    {
        if (!mPath.empty())
        {
            ReadCsv();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Constructor
     * @param   pStream               specifies an input stream to read CSV data from.
     * @param   pLabelParams          specifies which row and column should be treated as labels.
     * @param   pSeparatorParams      specifies which field and row separators should be used.
     * @param   pConverterParams      specifies how invalid numbers (including empty strings) should be
     *                                handled.
     * @param   pLineReaderParams     specifies how special line formats should be treated.
     */
    explicit Document(std::istream &pStream,
                      const LabelParams &pLabelParams           = LabelParams(),
                      const SeparatorParams &pSeparatorParams   = SeparatorParams(),
                      const ConverterParams &pConverterParams   = ConverterParams(),
                      const LineReaderParams &pLineReaderParams = LineReaderParams())
        : mPath(), mLabelParams(pLabelParams), mSeparatorParams(pSeparatorParams),
          mConverterParams(pConverterParams), mLineReaderParams(pLineReaderParams)
    {
        ReadCsv(pStream);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Read Document data from file.
     * @param   pPath                 specifies the path of an existing CSV-file to populate the Document
     *                                data with.
     * @param   pLabelParams          specifies which row and column should be treated as labels.
     * @param   pSeparatorParams      specifies which field and row separators should be used.
     * @param   pConverterParams      specifies how invalid numbers (including empty strings) should be
     *                                handled.
     * @param   pLineReaderParams     specifies how special line formats should be treated.
     */
    void Load(const std::string &pPath, const LabelParams &pLabelParams = LabelParams(),
              const SeparatorParams &pSeparatorParams   = SeparatorParams(),
              const ConverterParams &pConverterParams   = ConverterParams(),
              const LineReaderParams &pLineReaderParams = LineReaderParams())
    {
        mPath             = pPath;
        mLabelParams      = pLabelParams;
        mSeparatorParams  = pSeparatorParams;
        mConverterParams  = pConverterParams;
        mLineReaderParams = pLineReaderParams;
        ReadCsv();
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Read Document data from stream.
     * @param   pStream               specifies an input stream to read CSV data from.
     * @param   pLabelParams          specifies which row and column should be treated as labels.
     * @param   pSeparatorParams      specifies which field and row separators should be used.
     * @param   pConverterParams      specifies how invalid numbers (including empty strings) should be
     *                                handled.
     * @param   pLineReaderParams     specifies how special line formats should be treated.
     */
    void Load(std::istream &pStream, const LabelParams &pLabelParams = LabelParams(),
              const SeparatorParams &pSeparatorParams   = SeparatorParams(),
              const ConverterParams &pConverterParams   = ConverterParams(),
              const LineReaderParams &pLineReaderParams = LineReaderParams())
    {
        mPath             = "";
        mLabelParams      = pLabelParams;
        mSeparatorParams  = pSeparatorParams;
        mConverterParams  = pConverterParams;
        mLineReaderParams = pLineReaderParams;
        ReadCsv(pStream);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Write Document data to file.
     * @param   pPath                 optionally specifies the path where the CSV-file will be created
     *                                (if not specified, the original path provided when creating or
     *                                loading the Document data will be used).
     */
    void Save(const std::string &pPath = std::string())
    {
        if (!pPath.empty())
        {
            mPath = pPath;
        }
        WriteCsv();
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Write Document data to stream.
     * @param   pStream               specifies an output stream to write the data to.
     */
    void Save(std::ostream &pStream) { WriteCsv(pStream); }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Clears loaded Document data.
     *
     */
    void Clear()
    {
        mData.clear();
        mColumnNames.clear();
        mRowNames.clear();
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
        mIsUtf16 = false;
        mIsLE    = false;
#endif
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column index by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @returns zero-based column index.
     */
    ssize_t GetColumnIdx(const std::string &pColumnName) const
    {
        if (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx >= 0)
        {
            if (mColumnNames.find(pColumnName) != mColumnNames.end())
            {
                return mColumnNames.at(pColumnName) - (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @returns vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetColumn(const size_t pColumnIdx) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        std::vector<T> column;
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
        {
            if (std::distance(mData.begin(), itRow) > mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx)
            {
                T val;
                converter.ToVal(itRow->at(columnIdx), val);
                column.push_back(val);
            }
        }
        return column;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetColumn(const size_t pColumnIdx, ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        std::vector<T> column;
        for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
        {
            if (std::distance(mData.begin(), itRow) > mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx)
            {
                T val;
                pToVal(itRow->at(columnIdx), val);
                column.push_back(val);
            }
        }
        return column;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @returns vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetColumn(const std::string &pColumnName) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
        return GetColumn<T>(columnIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetColumn(const std::string &pColumnName, ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
        return GetColumn<T>(columnIdx, pToVal);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set column by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pColumn               vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetColumn(const size_t pColumnIdx, const std::vector<T> &pColumn)
    {
        const size_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
 
        while (pColumn.size() + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1) > GetDataRowCount())
        {
            std::vector<std::string> row;
            row.resize(GetDataColumnCount());
            mData.push_back(row);
        }
 
        if ((columnIdx + 1) > GetDataColumnCount())
        {
            for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
            {
                itRow->resize(columnIdx + 1 + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1));
            }
        }
 
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        for (auto itRow = pColumn.begin(); itRow != pColumn.end(); ++itRow)
        {
            std::string str;
            converter.ToStr(*itRow, str);
            mData
                .at(std::distance(pColumn.begin(), itRow) +
                    (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1))
                .at(columnIdx) = str;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set column by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pColumn               vector of column data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetColumn(const std::string &pColumnName, const std::vector<T> &pColumn)
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
        SetColumn<T>(columnIdx, pColumn);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Remove column by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     */
    void RemoveColumn(const size_t pColumnIdx)
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
        {
            itRow->erase(itRow->begin() + columnIdx);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Remove column by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     */
    void RemoveColumn(const std::string &pColumnName)
    {
        ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        RemoveColumn(columnIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Insert column at specified index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pColumn               vector of column data (optional argument).
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name (optional argument).
     */
    template <typename T>
    void InsertColumn(const size_t pColumnIdx,
                      const std::vector<T> &pColumn  = std::vector<T>(),
                      const std::string &pColumnName = std::string())
    {
        const size_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
 
        std::vector<std::string> column;
        if (pColumn.empty())
        {
            column.resize(GetDataRowCount());
        }
        else
        {
            column.resize(pColumn.size() + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1));
            Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
            for (auto itRow = pColumn.begin(); itRow != pColumn.end(); ++itRow)
            {
                std::string str;
                converter.ToStr(*itRow, str);
                const size_t rowIdx = std::distance(pColumn.begin(), itRow) +
                                      (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
                column.at(rowIdx) = str;
            }
        }
 
        while (column.size() > GetDataRowCount())
        {
            std::vector<std::string> row;
            const size_t columnCount =
                std::max(static_cast<size_t>(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1),
                         GetDataColumnCount());
            row.resize(columnCount);
            mData.push_back(row);
        }
 
        for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
        {
            const size_t rowIdx = std::distance(mData.begin(), itRow);
            itRow->insert(itRow->begin() + columnIdx, column.at(rowIdx));
        }
 
        if (!pColumnName.empty())
        {
            SetColumnName(pColumnIdx, pColumnName);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get number of data columns (excluding label columns).
     * @returns column count.
     */
    size_t GetColumnCount() const
    {
        const ssize_t count =
            static_cast<ssize_t>((mData.size() > 0) ? mData.at(0).size() : 0) -
            (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        return (count >= 0) ? count : 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row index by name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @returns zero-based row index.
     */
    ssize_t GetRowIdx(const std::string &pRowName) const
    {
        if (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx >= 0)
        {
            if (mRowNames.find(pRowName) != mRowNames.end())
            {
                return mRowNames.at(pRowName) - (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row by index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @returns vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetRow(const size_t pRowIdx) const
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        std::vector<T> row;
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        for (auto itCol = mData.at(rowIdx).begin(); itCol != mData.at(rowIdx).end();
             ++itCol)
        {
            if (std::distance(mData.at(rowIdx).begin(), itCol) > mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx)
            {
                T val;
                converter.ToVal(*itCol, val);
                row.push_back(val);
            }
        }
        return row;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row by index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetRow(const size_t pRowIdx, ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        std::vector<T> row;
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        for (auto itCol = mData.at(rowIdx).begin(); itCol != mData.at(rowIdx).end();
             ++itCol)
        {
            if (std::distance(mData.at(rowIdx).begin(), itCol) > mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx)
            {
                T val;
                pToVal(*itCol, val);
                row.push_back(val);
            }
        }
        return row;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row by name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @returns vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetRow(const std::string &pRowName) const
    {
        ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
        return GetRow<T>(rowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row by name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    std::vector<T> GetRow(const std::string &pRowName, ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
        return GetRow<T>(rowIdx, pToVal);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set row by index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pRow                  vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetRow(const size_t pRowIdx, const std::vector<T> &pRow)
    {
        const size_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
 
        while ((rowIdx + 1) > GetDataRowCount())
        {
            std::vector<std::string> row;
            row.resize(GetDataColumnCount());
            mData.push_back(row);
        }
 
        if (pRow.size() > GetDataColumnCount())
        {
            for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
            {
                itRow->resize(pRow.size() + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1));
            }
        }
 
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        for (auto itCol = pRow.begin(); itCol != pRow.end(); ++itCol)
        {
            std::string str;
            converter.ToStr(*itCol, str);
            mData.at(rowIdx).at(std::distance(pRow.begin(), itCol) +
                                (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1)) = str;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set row by name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @param   pRow                  vector of row data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetRow(const std::string &pRowName, const std::vector<T> &pRow)
    {
        ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
        return SetRow<T>(rowIdx, pRow);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Remove row by index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     */
    void RemoveRow(const size_t pRowIdx)
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        mData.erase(mData.begin() + rowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Remove row by name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     */
    void RemoveRow(const std::string &pRowName)
    {
        ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        RemoveRow(rowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Insert row at specified index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pRow                  vector of row data (optional argument).
     * @param   pRowName              row label name (optional argument).
     */
    template <typename T>
    void InsertRow(const size_t pRowIdx, const std::vector<T> &pRow = std::vector<T>(),
                   const std::string &pRowName = std::string())
    {
        const size_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
 
        std::vector<std::string> row;
        if (pRow.empty())
        {
            row.resize(GetDataColumnCount());
        }
        else
        {
            row.resize(pRow.size() + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1));
            Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
            for (auto itCol = pRow.begin(); itCol != pRow.end(); ++itCol)
            {
                std::string str;
                converter.ToStr(*itCol, str);
                row.at(std::distance(pRow.begin(), itCol) +
                       (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1)) = str;
            }
        }
 
        while (rowIdx > GetDataRowCount())
        {
            std::vector<std::string> tempRow;
            tempRow.resize(GetDataColumnCount());
            mData.push_back(tempRow);
        }
 
        mData.insert(mData.begin() + rowIdx, row);
 
        if (!pRowName.empty())
        {
            SetRowName(pRowIdx, pRowName);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get number of data rows (excluding label rows).
     * @returns row count.
     */
    size_t GetRowCount() const
    {
        const ssize_t count =
            static_cast<ssize_t>(mData.size()) - (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        return (count >= 0) ? count : 0;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const size_t pColumnIdx, const size_t pRowIdx) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        const ssize_t rowIdx    = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
 
        T val;
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        converter.ToVal(mData.at(rowIdx).at(columnIdx), val);
        return val;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const size_t pColumnIdx, const size_t pRowIdx, ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        const ssize_t rowIdx    = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
 
        T val;
        pToVal(mData.at(rowIdx).at(columnIdx), val);
        return val;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const std::string &pColumnName, const std::string &pRowName) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        const ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(columnIdx, rowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const std::string &pColumnName, const std::string &pRowName,
              ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        const ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(columnIdx, rowIdx, pToVal);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by column name and row index.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const std::string &pColumnName, const size_t pRowIdx) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(columnIdx, pRowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by column name and row index.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const std::string &pColumnName, const size_t pRowIdx,
              ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(columnIdx, pRowIdx, pToVal);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by column index and row name.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const size_t pColumnIdx, const std::string &pRowName) const
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(pColumnIdx, rowIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get cell by column index and row name.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @param   pToVal                conversion function.
     * @returns cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T GetCell(const size_t pColumnIdx, const std::string &pRowName,
              ConvFunc<T> pToVal) const
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        return GetCell<T>(pColumnIdx, rowIdx, pToVal);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set cell by index.
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pCell                 cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetCell(const size_t pColumnIdx, const size_t pRowIdx, const T &pCell)
    {
        const size_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        const size_t rowIdx    = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
 
        while ((rowIdx + 1) > GetDataRowCount())
        {
            std::vector<std::string> row;
            row.resize(GetDataColumnCount());
            mData.push_back(row);
        }
 
        if ((columnIdx + 1) > GetDataColumnCount())
        {
            for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
            {
                itRow->resize(columnIdx + 1);
            }
        }
 
        std::string str;
        Converter<T> converter(mConverterParams);
        converter.ToStr(pCell, str);
        mData.at(rowIdx).at(columnIdx) = str;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set cell by name.
     * @param   pColumnName           column label name.
     * @param   pRowName              row label name.
     * @param   pCell                 cell data.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void SetCell(const std::string &pColumnName, const std::string &pRowName,
                 const T &pCell)
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = GetColumnIdx(pColumnName);
        if (columnIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column not found: " + pColumnName);
        }
 
        const ssize_t rowIdx = GetRowIdx(pRowName);
        if (rowIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row not found: " + pRowName);
        }
 
        SetCell<T>(columnIdx, rowIdx, pCell);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column name
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @returns column name.
     */
    std::string GetColumnName(const ssize_t pColumnIdx)
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        if (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column name row index < 0: " +
                                    std::to_string(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx));
        }
 
        return mData.at(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx).at(columnIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set column name
     * @param   pColumnIdx            zero-based column index.
     * @param   pColumnName           column name.
     */
    void SetColumnName(size_t pColumnIdx, const std::string &pColumnName)
    {
        const ssize_t columnIdx   = pColumnIdx + (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        mColumnNames[pColumnName] = columnIdx;
        if (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("column name row index < 0: " +
                                    std::to_string(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx));
        }
 
        // increase table size if necessary:
        const int rowIdx = mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx;
        if (rowIdx >= static_cast<int>(mData.size()))
        {
            mData.resize(rowIdx + 1);
        }
        auto &row = mData[rowIdx];
        if (columnIdx >= static_cast<int>(row.size()))
        {
            row.resize(columnIdx + 1);
        }
 
        mData.at(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx).at(columnIdx) = pColumnName;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get column names
     * @returns vector of column names.
     */
    std::vector<std::string> GetColumnNames()
    {
        if (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx >= 0)
        {
            return std::vector<std::string>(
                mData.at(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx).begin() +
                    (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1),
                mData.at(mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx).end());
        }
 
        return std::vector<std::string>();
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row name
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based column index.
     * @returns row name.
     */
    std::string GetRowName(const ssize_t pRowIdx)
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        if (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row name column index < 0: " +
                                    std::to_string(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx));
        }
 
        return mData.at(rowIdx).at(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx);
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Set row name
     * @param   pRowIdx               zero-based row index.
     * @param   pRowName              row name.
     */
    void SetRowName(size_t pRowIdx, const std::string &pRowName)
    {
        const ssize_t rowIdx = pRowIdx + (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1);
        mRowNames[pRowName]  = rowIdx;
        if (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx < 0)
        {
            throw std::out_of_range("row name column index < 0: " +
                                    std::to_string(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx));
        }
 
        // increase table size if necessary:
        if (rowIdx >= static_cast<int>(mData.size()))
        {
            mData.resize(rowIdx + 1);
        }
        auto &row = mData[rowIdx];
        if (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx >= static_cast<int>(row.size()))
        {
            row.resize(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx + 1);
        }
 
        mData.at(rowIdx).at(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx) = pRowName;
    }
 
    /**
     * @brief   Get row names
     * @returns vector of row names.
     */
    std::vector<std::string> GetRowNames()
    {
        std::vector<std::string> rownames;
        if (mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx >= 0)
        {
            for (auto itRow = mData.begin(); itRow != mData.end(); ++itRow)
            {
                if (std::distance(mData.begin(), itRow) > mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx)
                {
                    rownames.push_back(itRow->at(mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx));
                }
            }
        }
        return rownames;
    }
 
  private:
    void ReadCsv()
    {
        std::ifstream stream;
        stream.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
        stream.open(mPath, std::ios::binary);
        ReadCsv(stream);
    }
 
    void ReadCsv(std::istream &pStream)
    {
        Clear();
        pStream.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
        std::streamsize length = pStream.tellg();
        pStream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
 
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
        std::vector<char> bom2b(2, '\0');
        if (length >= 2)
        {
            pStream.read(bom2b.data(), 2);
            pStream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
        }
 
        static const std::vector<char> bomU16le = { '\xff', '\xfe' };
        static const std::vector<char> bomU16be = { '\xfe', '\xff' };
        if ((bom2b == bomU16le) || (bom2b == bomU16be))
        {
            mIsUtf16 = true;
            mIsLE    = (bom2b == bomU16le);
 
            std::wifstream wstream;
            wstream.exceptions(std::wifstream::failbit | std::wifstream::badbit);
            wstream.open(mPath, std::ios::binary);
            if (mIsLE)
            {
                wstream.imbue(
                    std::locale(wstream.getloc(),
                                new std::codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, 0x10ffff,
                                                       static_cast<std::codecvt_mode>(
                                                           std::consume_header |
                                                           std::little_endian)>));
            }
            else
            {
                wstream.imbue(std::locale(
                    wstream.getloc(),
                    new std::codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, 0x10ffff, std::consume_header>));
            }
            std::wstringstream wss;
            wss << wstream.rdbuf();
            std::string utf8 = ToString(wss.str());
            std::stringstream ss(utf8);
            ParseCsv(ss, utf8.size());
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            // check for UTF-8 Byte order mark and skip it when found
            if (length >= 3)
            {
                std::vector<char> bom3b(3, '\0');
                pStream.read(bom3b.data(), 3);
                static const std::vector<char> bomU8 = { '\xef', '\xbb', '\xbf' };
                if (bom3b != bomU8)
                {
                    // file does not start with a UTF-8 Byte order mark
                    pStream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
                }
                else
                {
                    // file did start with a UTF-8 Byte order mark, simply skip it
                    length -= 3;
                }
            }
 
            ParseCsv(pStream, length);
        }
    }
 
    void ParseCsv(std::istream &pStream, std::streamsize p_FileLength)
    {
        const std::streamsize bufLength = 64 * 1024;
        std::vector<char> buffer(bufLength);
        std::vector<std::string> row;
        std::string cell;
        bool quoted = false;
        int cr      = 0;
        int lf      = 0;
 
        while (p_FileLength > 0)
        {
            std::streamsize readLength =
                std::min<std::streamsize>(p_FileLength, bufLength);
            pStream.read(buffer.data(), readLength);
            for (int i = 0; i < readLength; ++i)
            {
                if (buffer[i] == '"')
                {
                    if (cell.empty() || cell[0] == '"')
                    {
                        quoted = !quoted;
                    }
                    cell += buffer[i];
                }
                else if (buffer[i] == mSeparatorParams.mSeparator)
                {
                    if (!quoted)
                    {
                        row.push_back(Unquote(Trim(cell)));
                        cell.clear();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        cell += buffer[i];
                    }
                }
                else if (buffer[i] == '\r')
                {
                    if (mSeparatorParams.mQuotedLinebreaks && quoted)
                    {
                        cell += buffer[i];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ++cr;
                    }
                }
                else if (buffer[i] == '\n')
                {
                    if (mSeparatorParams.mQuotedLinebreaks && quoted)
                    {
                        cell += buffer[i];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ++lf;
                        if (mLineReaderParams.mSkipEmptyLines && row.empty() &&
                            cell.empty())
                        {
                            // skip empty line
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            row.push_back(Unquote(Trim(cell)));
 
                            if (mLineReaderParams.mSkipCommentLines &&
                                !row.at(0).empty() &&
                                (row.at(0)[0] == mLineReaderParams.mCommentPrefix))
                            {
                                // skip comment line
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                mData.push_back(row);
                            }
 
                            cell.clear();
                            row.clear();
                            quoted = false;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    cell += buffer[i];
                }
            }
            p_FileLength -= readLength;
        }
 
        // Handle last line without linebreak
        if (!cell.empty() || !row.empty())
        {
            row.push_back(Unquote(Trim(cell)));
            cell.clear();
            mData.push_back(row);
            row.clear();
        }
 
        // Assume CR/LF if at least half the linebreaks have CR
        mSeparatorParams.mHasCR = (cr > (lf / 2));
 
        // Set up column labels
        if ((mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx >= 0) &&
            (static_cast<ssize_t>(mData.size()) > mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx))
        {
            int i = 0;
            for (auto &columnName : mData[mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx])
            {
                mColumnNames[columnName] = i++;
            }
        }
 
        // Set up row labels
        if ((mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx >= 0) &&
            (static_cast<ssize_t>(mData.size()) > (mLabelParams.mColumnNameIdx + 1)))
        {
            int i = 0;
            for (auto &dataRow : mData)
            {
                if (static_cast<ssize_t>(dataRow.size()) > mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx)
                {
                    mRowNames[dataRow[mLabelParams.mRowNameIdx]] = i++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    void WriteCsv() const
    {
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
        if (mIsUtf16)
        {
            std::stringstream ss;
            WriteCsv(ss);
            std::string utf8  = ss.str();
            std::wstring wstr = ToWString(utf8);
 
            std::wofstream wstream;
            wstream.exceptions(std::wofstream::failbit | std::wofstream::badbit);
            wstream.open(mPath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
 
            if (mIsLE)
            {
                wstream.imbue(
                    std::locale(wstream.getloc(),
                                new std::codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, 0x10ffff,
                                                       static_cast<std::codecvt_mode>(
                                                           std::little_endian)>));
            }
            else
            {
                wstream.imbue(std::locale(wstream.getloc(),
                                          new std::codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, 0x10ffff>));
            }
 
            wstream << static_cast<wchar_t>(0xfeff);
            wstream << wstr;
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            std::ofstream stream;
            stream.exceptions(std::ofstream::failbit | std::ofstream::badbit);
            stream.open(mPath, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
            WriteCsv(stream);
        }
    }
 
    void WriteCsv(std::ostream &pStream) const
    {
        for (auto itr = mData.begin(); itr != mData.end(); ++itr)
        {
            for (auto itc = itr->begin(); itc != itr->end(); ++itc)
            {
                if (mSeparatorParams.mAutoQuote &&
                    ((itc->find(mSeparatorParams.mSeparator) != std::string::npos) ||
                     (itc->find(' ') != std::string::npos)))
                {
                    // escape quotes in string
                    std::string str = *itc;
                    ReplaceString(str, "\"", "\"\"");
 
                    pStream << "\"" << str << "\"";
                }
                else
                {
                    pStream << *itc;
                }
 
                if (std::distance(itc, itr->end()) > 1)
                {
                    pStream << mSeparatorParams.mSeparator;
                }
            }
            pStream << (mSeparatorParams.mHasCR ? "\r\n" : "\n");
        }
    }
 
    size_t GetDataRowCount() const { return mData.size(); }
 
    size_t GetDataColumnCount() const
    {
        return (mData.size() > 0) ? mData.at(0).size() : 0;
    }
 
    std::string Trim(const std::string &pStr)
    {
        if (mSeparatorParams.mTrim)
        {
            std::string str = pStr;
 
            // ltrim
            str.erase(str.begin(), std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(),
                                                [](int ch) { return !isspace(ch); }));
 
            // rtrim
            str.erase(std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(),
                                   [](int ch) { return !isspace(ch); })
                          .base(),
                      str.end());
 
            return str;
        }
        else
        {
            return pStr;
        }
    }
 
    std::string Unquote(const std::string &pStr)
    {
        if (mSeparatorParams.mAutoQuote && (pStr.size() >= 2) && (pStr.front() == '"') &&
            (pStr.back() == '"'))
        {
            // remove start/end quotes
            std::string str = pStr.substr(1, pStr.size() - 2);
 
            // unescape quotes in string
            ReplaceString(str, "\"\"", "\"");
 
            return str;
        }
        else
        {
            return pStr;
        }
    }
 
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#endif
    static std::string ToString(const std::wstring &pWStr)
    {
        size_t len = std::wcstombs(nullptr, pWStr.c_str(), 0) + 1;
        char *cstr = new char[len];
        std::wcstombs(cstr, pWStr.c_str(), len);
        std::string str(cstr);
        delete[] cstr;
        return str;
    }
 
    static std::wstring ToWString(const std::string &pStr)
    {
        size_t len     = 1 + mbstowcs(nullptr, pStr.c_str(), 0);
        wchar_t *wcstr = new wchar_t[len];
        std::mbstowcs(wcstr, pStr.c_str(), len);
        std::wstring wstr(wcstr);
        delete[] wcstr;
        return wstr;
    }
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(default : 4996)
#endif
#endif
 
    static void ReplaceString(std::string &pStr, const std::string &pSearch,
                              const std::string &pReplace)
    {
        size_t pos = 0;
 
        while ((pos = pStr.find(pSearch, pos)) != std::string::npos)
        {
            pStr.replace(pos, pSearch.size(), pReplace);
            pos += pReplace.size();
        }
    }
 
  private:
    std::string mPath;
    LabelParams mLabelParams;
    SeparatorParams mSeparatorParams;
    ConverterParams mConverterParams;
    LineReaderParams mLineReaderParams;
    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> mData;
    std::map<std::string, size_t> mColumnNames;
    std::map<std::string, size_t> mRowNames;
#ifdef HAS_CODECVT
    bool mIsUtf16 = false;
    bool mIsLE    = false;
#endif
};
} // namespace rapidcsv